Basic Impact Assessment At Project Level Page 3
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36all impact assessments, in order to evaluate the success of the intervention and the
magnitude of any adverse effects.
•
Qualitative methods
suitable for investigating more complex and/or sensitive types
of social impacts, e.g. intra-household processes, policy issues and investigation of
reasons for statistical relationships and policy implications. These methods
generally require high levels of skill, and may be relatively costly. Some degree of
qualitative interpretation may be necessary in all impact assessments, in order to
evaluate the causes of impacts which have been observed.
•
Participatory approaches
suitable for initial definition or refinement of the actual or
potential impacts which are of concern to stakeholders, questions to be asked, and
appropriate frameworks and indicators to be used. Such approaches can contribute
to all types of assessment, and are particularly suited to exploratory low budget
assessments and initial investigation of possible reasons for observed statistical
relationships.
They offer a means of involving stakeholders in the research,
learning and decision-making processes. These methodologies also require a
certain level of skill, depending on the issues to be addressed and ways in which
they are integrated with other methods. Some degree of stakeholder participation is
likely to be necessary in all impact assessments, in order to achieve a good
understanding of stakeholder perceptions of impacts.
Whatever mix of techniques is used, consideration should be given to :
• transparency and public accountability
• stakeholder involvement
• reliability of the information obtained
• reliability of inference for policy improvement
• cost and skill requirements
For detailed discussion of quantitative, qualitative and participatory approaches, see
Toolbox
sections on:
Programme Management Cycle
Impact Assessment and Stakeholder Analysis
Quantification Methods
Qualitative Methods
Participatory Methods
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