Basic Impact Assessment At Project Level Page 7
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36• stakeholder identification: identify those social groups likely to be affected by planned
or unplanned impacts, and other stakeholders (e.g. government bodies) with a
significant interest
• stakeholder involvement: decide how stakeholders will be involved in the assessment;
this may include involving stakeholders in refining the scope of the assessment, and in
the identification of unplanned impacts and targets for planned ones
• assessment of impacts: determine what impacts have occurred, their direct and indirect
causes, and their importance in relation to targets
• quantification of impacts: assess impact magnitude where practicable, in relation to
targets
• corrective action: define what steps can be taken to eliminate or reduce any significant
adverse impacts or to compensate for them
• policy learning: identify lessons for the planning and design of future interventions
• reporting: document the findings of the assessment in a manner that is clearly
understandable to those who will use them; identify uncertainties and reliability of
findings; establish means of public access to the report
• dissemination of findings:
evaluation findings should be disseminated amongst
stakeholders in a way that contributes to learning (e.g. by workshops, meetings,
circulation of report); obtain stakeholder agreement to the report and agree follow-up
action
In many cases the assessment will be expected to assess impact on very broad goals,
such as poverty alleviation. Unless the intervention can be expected to have a direct
impact on such goals, it may be appropriate to identify relevant intermediary factors (e.g.
education), and limit the assessment to impacts on them.
The linkages between
intermediary factors and broader goals can often be assessed reliably only through a
complex policy-level impact assessment. In general, the targets and indicators used in the
assessment will be those for which the intervention can be expected to have a direct
impact.
Whatever the precise scope of the assessment in relation to particular social, economic or
environmental objectives, consideration should be given to the following potential issues:
• time-dependency - might impacts that are small (or large) at the time of the
assessment increase (or decrease) with time?
• changing or abnormal conditions - how secure is an observed impact, in relation to
economic or environmental shocks and other conditions which may vary from those
pertaining at the time of the assessment?
• cumulative effects - would a small effect become significant if the intervention or its
effects were replicated?
• remote effects - might unplanned impacts be occurring beyond the boundaries of the
study area or community?
• second order effects and interactions - might unplanned impacts be occurring that are
not obviously associated with the intervention?
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