Carbohydrate Counting Page 7
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48How the body uses sugar
You eat food.
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The food is broken down in the stomach and intestine. Much of it becomes sugar.
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The sugar enters the bloodstream and goes to all the cells in the body.
What happens
What happens with
What happens with Type
without diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
2 diabetes
The pancreas, a gland near the
The pancreas cannot make insulin.
The pancreas does not make
stomach, makes a hormone called
enough insulin.
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insulin.
↓
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The insulin enters the bloodstream.
Without insulin, the doors to the
Your body cannot use the
Insulin acts like a key.
cells can’t be opened. Sugar can’t get
insulin it makes. This is called
It “opens the doors” to each cell,
inside. The amount of sugar
insulin resistance.
so sugar can get in.
in the blood gets too high.
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↓
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The cells use sugar as “fuel”
The cells can’t use sugar for energy.
Your liver produces too
for energy.
The body must use fat for energy instead.
much sugar.
↓
↓
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As sugar enters the cells, the level of
When the blood sugar is too
Without the right amount of
sugar in the blood decreases
high and fat is used for energy,
insulin, the doors to the cells
and there are no symptoms of diabetes.
symptoms of diabetes develop.
cannot be opened. Sugar cannot
get inside. The amount of sugar
in the blood gets too high.
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