Figure 5.6. Immobile foam composed of small bubbles that formed late in the experiment when
the oil did not spread have a viscosity of ~100 cP; bubbles that grow to 1-2 pore diameters have a
viscosity of ~5-10 cP; bubbles that grow to ~2.5 pore diameters have a viscosity of ~1 cP. Mobile
lamellae separated by ~ pore diameters [Kuhlman, 1990].
It is also possible to analyze photographic images of foams formed by the shear forces within the
porous medium as they emanate from the porous medium, as shown in Figure 5.7 [Adkins et al.,
2010], of the ~10 micron-scale CO
bubbles of a 90% quality CO
foam leaving a sand pack.
2
2
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