Doe/netl-2012/1540 Mobility And Conformance Control For Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (Co2-Eor) Via Thickeners, Foams, And Gels - U.s. Department Of Energy Page 97

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surfactant at a concentration of 1.6wt% based on the total mass of the system was able to form a
o
stable emulsion (at least 48 hours) of CO
-in-water at 20
C and 20.0 MPa [Tan and Cooper,
2
2005].
Figure 9.4. Nonionic OVAc-EO type CO
soluble surfactants [Tan and Cooper, 2005]
2
These emulsions contained as much as 97vol% CO
; therefore, the concentration of the
2
surfactant on a CO
basis was ~1.5wt%. This same research group also generated twin OVAC-
2
tailed ionic surfactants with a quaternary ammonium cation and iodide anion that were 0.6wt%
at 25 C and 4,200 psia [Tan et al., 2006]; the synthesis is shown in Figure 9.5.
soluble in CO
2
66

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