Instructional Manual For Clarification Of Startup In Source Categories Affected By New Source Performance Standards - U.s. Environmental Protection Agency - 1979 Page 126
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146 EAFs utilize electric current as a source of heat to melt scrap metal.
The process begins when scrap metal and alloys are charged to the furnace.
Following charging the electrodes are lowered into the charge to start the
initial
"horedown" period.
During boredown, a pool of molten metal is formed
on the surfnce of the scrap charge.
From this time on, the charge is melted
by a combination of heat from the arc, heat radiated from the bottom of the
veHsel, and by the reslstance of the scrap to the current.
Occasionally,
the boredown period is interrupted and additional scrap and/or fluxing agents
are added to the mixture.
'When the charge is completely melted, the steel
and slag (the solid waste formed during melting) are tapped into ladles and
pots respectively.
Molten steel is then either further processed to produce
stainless steel, poured into ingot molds or sent to a continuous caster.
Pre-Startup Operations
There are several operations involved in the pre-startup process for elec-
tric arc furnaces.
Mechanical and electrical equipment must be checked to
ensure that they are fully operational.
Lastly, the furnace refractory is
preheated and checked.
Once these steps are completed, the furnace is ready
for operation.
Startup Operat.tons
InUial startup involves charging the furnace and initiating boredown.
The time required to attain maximum production depends on furnace size.
Con-
versationswlth industry personnel indicate that for most furnaces full
production level can be achieved in 6 months.
Based on this, the startup date
is
best defined aR the time of the first 'furnace heat.
However,
i f
'during
startup operational problems are encountered which lsignificantly alter normal
cycle times, representative performance test data might be unattainable until
the problems are straightened out.
114
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