Instructional Manual For Clarification Of Startup In Source Categories Affected By New Source Performance Standards - U.s. Environmental Protection Agency - 1979 Page 22
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146 Introduction
INCINERATORS - SUBPART E
§60.50 - 60.54
The NSPS for this category encompasses incinerators which burn more than
50 percent municipal type waste and are capable of charging more than 45 met-
ric tons per day. (50 tons/day).
Incinerators handling municipal type waste
are generally referred to as municipal incinerators, although they may be
owned and operated by either a municipality or a private firm.
A performance
standard was promulgated for particulate matter which limits emissions to
0.18 g/dscm (0.08 gr/dscf) corrected to 12 percent C02'
Sources constructed,
reconstructed or modified after August 17, 1971, are subject to the regulation.
Process Description
Incineration is defined as the process of burning solid waste for the
purpoHe of reducing the volume of the waste by removing the combustible matter.
While most municipal incinerators have been historically designed solely to re-
duce the volume of the refuse, an increasing number are also recovering and
utilizing the heat generated by this process in the form of steam and electric
produc tion.
The basic components of a municipal incinerator are a) Refuse holding and
Charging,
b)
Combustion Chambers, c) Air Supply ,d) Residue Handling, and e)
Air Pollutton Control Equipment.
Refer to Figure 2 for a schematic of a typi-
cal continuous feed installation.
While most incinerators regulated by tqis
standard are continuous feed systems, batch systems will have essentially the
same integration of component systems.
Refuse is delivered by truck to a
storage pit, from where it is charged to a feed hopper by means of an overhead
crane.
Once in the furnace, the refuse undergoes combustion, in which the
moisture in the refuse is first, evaporated and then the combustible portion is
vaporized and oxidized.
Complete combustion of the refuse is aided by moving
grates, which may be traveling, reciprocating or rocking types.
Combustion
Chamber designs may also vary, with rectangular, water walled and rotary kiln
being the more common types.
Particulate emissions are due to several factors,
including undergrate air velocity,refuse ash content, burning furnace
temperature, grate agitation and combustion chamber design.
Of these, under-
grate air velocity has been shown to have the greatest effect.
OVerfire and
secondary air ports are also provided to increase turbulence and aid in oxi-
dation of the combustible fraction.
Residue is discharged from the end of the
grates in quench tanks, from
~lere
it is haulea to a sanitary landfill.
Com-
bustion gases exiting from the furnace enter a quench chamber or a hent recov-
ery section prior to being vented to an air pollution control device. ·Wet
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