Instructional Manual For Clarification Of Startup In Source Categories Affected By New Source Performance Standards - U.s. Environmental Protection Agency - 1979 Page 65
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146 Introduction
IRON AND STEEL PLANTS - SUBPART N
§60.l40 - 60.144
The NSPS for Jron and steel plants applies to the basic oxygen process of
steel production.
The facility affected under this subpart is the basic oxygen
process furnace (HOPF) which produces steel by refining a high carbon-content
charge using a large volume of an oxygen-rich gas.
The mass emission standard promulgated under this subpart states that
goses discharged from a BOPF shall not contain particulate matter in excess
of 50 mg/dscm (0.022 gr/dscf).
In addition, the exhaust gas from a control
device sholl not exhibit an opacity of 10 percent or greater, except that an
opacity of greater than 10 percent but less than 20 percent may occur
~
per steel production cycle.
Facilities constructed, reconstructed or modified
after June 11, 1973, are subject to the requirements of this subpart.
Process
D~scrietlon
Steelmaking by a BOPF involves the melting, mixing and subsequent refining
of scrap metal, molten iron, and fluxes charged to. the vessel by the injection
of a high volume of an oxygen-rich gas.
Oxygen may be top blown into the
vessel by a water-cooled retractable lance or bottom blown through a set of
fixed tuyeres.
The former method' is the more common type of BOPF, whereas
the latter is a recent process modification specific to the Quelle-Basic
Oxygen Process (Q-BOP) furnace.
A simplified flow diagram outlining steel-
making in a BOPF is presented in Figure 11.
The oxygen blow commences immediately following charging and continues
for
8
predetermined length of time depending on the grade of steel desired and
the charge composition.
After the blow, the molten steel is checked to. deter-
mine if the endpoint chemical composition and proper tap temperature have been
attained.
If the desired temperature has not been reached, oxygen is reblown
Into the hath until the proper temperature is reached.
When the melt meets
the required grade specifications, the furnace is tapped.
Tapping involves
rotating the vessel, pouring the finished steel into a teeming ladle.
After
tapping, the vessel is rotated back through the vertical and slag (the solid
waste formed during refining) is poured from the furnace into pots located
below the furnace floor.
Following slagging, the furnace refractory lining
and tap hole are checked for wear before another heat is started.
Typical air pollution control equipment installed'on BOP furnaces include
8
primary hood to collect emissions during the
oxyge~
blow and possibly a
secondary hood and furnace enclosure. to capture charging and tapping emissions.
53
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