Instructional Manual For Clarification Of Startup In Source Categories Affected By New Source Performance Standards - U.s. Environmental Protection Agency - 1979 Page 72
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146 ~re-Startup
Operations
1.
Multiple Hearth:
One to two weeks are typically allowed for
instrumentation and mechanical equipment shakedown.
This in-
cludes the operation of the combustion air source and the
sludge feed system.
Upon completion of this pre-startup pro-
cedure, the unit is heated to an operating temperature of about
927
0
C (1700
0
F).
This must be done gradually in order to pre-
vent stressing of the refractory material.
Once at the operating
temperature, the unit remains fired until it is thoroughly
"dryed out."
The heat-up and dry-out procedure consumes
approximately one week.
2.
Fluidized Bed:
One to two weeks is required to perform an
instrumentation and mechanical equipment shakedown similar to
that for a multiple hearth furnace.
Following this, the unit
is heated up to its operating temperature of about 87l o C
(1600
0
F).
This can be done relatively quickly since there is
no refractory construction material.
A typical heat-up period
is three days.
A drying-out procedure is not necessary.
3.
Wet Air Oxidation:
One to two weeks is required for instru-
mentation and mechanical equipment shakedown.
The unit is
operated by feeding water. only as part of the procedure.
Since
the unit operates at only 93
0
C (200
0
F) to 204°C (400
0
F), the
heat-up period is only a matter of hours.
Dry-out is not
required.
Startup Operations
1.
Multiple Hearth:
After the pre-startup operations of heat-up
and dry-out are completed, the unit is ready to receive sludge.
The sludge mixture, which is mainly water, must be charged
slowly at first to prevent thermal shocks and gradients within
the refractory material.
The unit must be run at partial
capacity for approximately one week while the load is gradually
increased.
,The day on which sludge is first introduced to the
unit should officialiy be considered the startup date.
Up
until this point, including post heat-up, the unit could be
shut down fc: mechanical or instrumentation failure, or more
often, for a lack of sludge of proper consistency and quantity.
For
a
mUltiple hearth furnace, the maximum pr'oduction rate can
be attained one week from startup.
2.
Flui~ized
Bed:
After the pre-startup operation of heat-up is
complete, the unit is ready to receive sludge.
The sludge is
usually introduced at a rate within 20 percent of design capacity
or greater.
The day on which sludge is first introduced to the
60
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