Instructional Manual For Clarification Of Startup In Source Categories Affected By New Source Performance Standards - U.s. Environmental Protection Agency - 1979 Page 60
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146 SECONDARY BRASS AND BRONZE INGOT PRODUCTION PLANTS - SUBPART M
§60.l30 - 60.133
Introduction
The NSPS for this category applies to reverberatory and electric furnaces
of 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) or .greater production capacity and blast (cupola) fur-
naces of 250 kg/hr (550 lb/hr) or greater production capacity. ·For reverbera-
tory furnaces, the standard limits particulate discharge to 50 mg/dscm (0.022
gr(dscf) and opacity to less than 20 percent.
Blast (cupola) or electric
furnaces are governed only by an opacicy standard, which must be less than
10 percent.
All facilities that commenced construction, were modified or re-
constructed after June 11, 1973,. are subject to the regulations.
Process Description
Brass and bronze ingots are produced from three types of furnaces -
reverberatory, rotary and crucible.
In the industry, 95 percent
are produced by direct oil or gas fired reverberatory furnaces.
naces are also classified as reverberatory units for the purpose
to the overwhelming predominance in the industry of these units,
particulate emissions associated with electric furnace use, only
furnaces are required to meet a mass particulate emission unit.
presents a schematic of a typical ingot production facility •.
of the ingots.
Rotary fur-
of NSPS.
Due
and, the lower
reverberatory
Figure 10
Processing begins with ,raw materials which consist of copper bearing scrap
including faucets, telephone or electric cable, radiators and brass turnings.
Before blending in a furnace, the scrap is preprocessed to remove impurities
and to concentrate like alloys.
Pretreatment operations take on several forms.
Mechanical methods include hand sorting of scrap into piles of like material,
Htripping or shredding of wire covering or insulation, magnetizing of iron
particleR to remove them, and briquetting for size reduction.
Pyrometallurgical
(heating) methods include sweating of scrap to remove low melting point metals,
burning to remove wire insulation, drying in a rotary kiln to vaporize cutting
fluids on machine shop scrap, and use of a blast furnace or cupola.
Of these
operationa, only the blast furnace (cupola) is governed by NSPS.
The blast furnace operation is a continuous process that accepts slag
akimmiugR and other metal oxides which are byproduccs of the ingoc produc-
tion furnaces.
Coke, copper oxides and other materials are charged into the
top of the furnace and combustion air, sometimes enriched with oxygen, is
blown in through tuyeres at the bottom.
The coke acts as both a fuel and a
reducing agent through the production of carbon monoxide.
The reducing
48
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