Instructional Manual For Clarification Of Startup In Source Categories Affected By New Source Performance Standards - U.s. Environmental Protection Agency - 1979 Page 57
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146 !nagging.
The lead product is tapped from the furnace into molds on an
intermittent basis.
If lead oxide drosses are charged to the furnace, a
reducing agent such as granular carbon must be added to the bath to reduce
the lead oxide to metallic lead.
The furnace operates at
a~out
l2600C '
(2300
0
F) principally to allpw the reaction between metallic impurities and
the oxygen sparged into the bath.
The high temperature also allows for
afterbumtna in the furnace proper.
This is accomplished by Mintaining a
ti, •• t furnac.e, that is, excessive air leakage into the furnace is prevented
and ,the amount of oxygen introduced to the furnace is thus controlled.
The
reverberatory furnace product is a semi-soft lead which is more pure than
that which the blast furnace produces.
'
Pot furnaces $re used for remelting and for final 4lloyin. and refiniftl
processes before pouring into product
molds~"
They are open-top, cer-..ic-lined
kettles,.he!lispherically shaped and generally'raftle in aize frOll 0.9 to
45
metric ton (1 to SO ton) capacity.
They are normally under-fired by natural
gas burners.
Refining is a batch operation that can vary frOll severa,l hours
to two or mre days, depending on the required final composition.
Drossina
agents or alloys are generally added
individ~lly
and the bath .is
no~lly
agitated or, in some cases, air is bubbled through the bath., Drosses.re
normally sktmmed off the surface of the lead by hand.
Particulate matter is'typically controlled by fabric filters
in;see~ary
le",d smelting operations.
Pre-startup Operations
Prior to startup, certain operations are undertaken to ready the furnace
for production.
T~ese
prelfminary activities are concerned not only witb the
operation of the furnace but also with the operation of material handling
systems, and air pollution control s y s t e m s . '
'
For the furnace, some of the operations which are considered in tbe
pre-startup category include:
1.
Delivery, assembly and book-up of utilities
2.
Installation of pollution control equipment
3.
Installation of air handling system including stack
4.
Cbeck out of wiring and control systems
5.
Installation of refractory
These activities will typically require l,month to cOllplete.
Related to the operation of the furnace and crucial to achieving malei .. m
production are the start-up of material handling,systems and
t~e
air pollution
control systems.
Problems in either of these ,two areas can cause delays of
slwerRl months in preventing a smelting operation from acbieving design
capacities. ,
45
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