Evaluation Plan Guidance Page 11
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68EVALUATION PLAN GUIDANCE
SOCIAL INNOVATION FUND
II. Program Theory and Logic Model
The evaluation plan should include an overview of your program’s theory
and a logic model that guides the evaluation and provides the reader with a
Additional Resources
better understanding of how your program is expected to achieve its targeted
The Kellogg Foundation’s 2004
outcomes and impacts.
Logic Model Development
Guide
A description of program theory, coupled with an informative logic model,
(
frames the evaluation design. Understanding the theory and assumptions
center/resources/2006/02/wk-
behind how a program is designed is an important precursor upon which all
kellogg-foundation-logic-model-
subsequent evaluation activities fundamentally rest (Rossi, Lipsey, &
development-guide.aspx)
Freeman, 2004). A program logic model usually includes both a graphic
provides advice and examples
display and a narrative description of the resources/inputs, the program
for constructing a logic model.
activities that constitute the intervention, and desired participant
outcomes/results.
Logic models, which are grounded in a
theory of
change, use words and graphics to describe the sequence of
activities thought to bring about change and how these activities are linked to the results the program is
expected to achieve. This process includes sequentially thinking through and aligning the following areas:
Resources/Inputs: Include resources that are available and directly used for the program activities,
including human, financial, organizational, and community resources;
Intervention: Include program activities (i.e., what constitutes the program intervention) with the
resources you listed previously that lead to the intended program results/outcomes; and
Outcomes/Results: Include changes that occur because of the program intervention previously described,
using the resources previously described. These can be any of the following:
a) Short-term outcomes (outputs) may include the amount of intervention (i.e., the quantity and
type(s) of program activities a participant actually takes part in) an individual receives or specific
changes in knowledge or skills;
b) Intermediate outcomes may include changes in individuals’ behaviors or attitudes; and
c) Long-term outcomes (impacts) may include the changes occurring in communities or systems as a
result of program interventions.
An example of a logic model can be found in
Appendix C
(Examples and Templates) section of this guide.
Specific Guidance: Program Theory and Logic Model
The program theory and logic model accomplish the following:
1. Briefly describe the basis for the logic model (theory or prior research, or both) along with aspects of
the model, if any, which have been confirmed (or refuted) by previous research;
2. Ensure alignment among the logic model elements. Focus on key factors in the cause-and-effect
relationship. Think about and describe how the resources/inputs link to the intervention and then link
to the desired outcomes/results;
3. Detail the elements of the resources/inputs and articulate the paths through which the services
provided affect individual outcomes (e.g., employment, health, education). Make sure that the activities
directly lead to the explanation of short-term outcomes/outputs (e.g., increased student attendance)
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8
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