Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 12
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Chapter 13
Gases
the average velocity of the particles and therefore an increase in the rate of collisions
of gas particles with the constant area of the walls and an increase in the average force
per collision. Rebecca’s pressure release valve allows gas to escape if the pressure gets to
a certain level. The decrease in the number of gas particles when gas escapes from the
valve keeps the pressure below dangerous levels.
To answer Ted’s question about how to calculate gas density and to see how Amelia
can estimate the number of tubes she can fill for her neon light sculptures, we need to
continue on to the next section.
Ideal Gas Calculations
13.2
This section shows how to do calculations such as those necessary to answer Ted’s and
Amelia’s questions about gas density and volume, and in addition, it considers some of
the gas-related issues that Lilia’s sister Rebecca and her co-workers need to resolve. For
one thing, the design team needs to know the amount of gas that they can safely add to
their reaction vessel, and then Rebecca needs to determine the maximum temperature
at which the reaction can be run without causing the pressure of that amount of gas to
reach dangerous levels.
All these calculations, and others like them, can be done with the aid of two useful
equations that we will now derive from the relationships described in Section 13.1.
Calculations Using the Ideal Gas Equation
We discovered in Section 13.1 that pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to
the number of gas particles (expressed in moles), directly proportional to temperature,
and inversely proportional to the volume of the container.
P ∝ n
if T and V are constant
P ∝ T
if n and V are constant
1
P ∝
if n and T are constant
V
These three relationships can be summarized in a single equation:
P ∝ nT
V
Another way to express the same relationship is
P = (a constant) nT
V
The constant in this equation is the same for all ideal gases. It is called the universal
gas constant and is expressed with the symbol R. The value of R depends on the units
of measure one wishes to use in a given calculation. Two choices are given below,
showing R for different pressure units (atmospheres, atm, and kilopascals, kPa).
R = 0.082058 L atm
8.3145 L kPa
O
14
or
bjeCtive
K mol
K mol
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