Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 2
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Chapter 13
Gases
Gases and Their Properties
13.1
If you want to understand how gases behave—such as why fresh air rushes into your
lungs when certain chest muscles contract or how gases in a car’s engine move the
pistons and power the car—you need a clear mental image of the model chemists
use to explain the properties of gases and the relationships between them. The model
was introduced in Section 2.1, but we’ll be adding some new components to it in the
review presented here.
Gases consist of tiny particles widely spaced (Figure 13.1). Under typical conditions,
the average distance between gas particles is about ten times their diameter. Because
of these large distances, the volume occupied by the particles themselves is very small
compared to the volume of the empty space around them. For a gas at room temperature
O
2
bjeCtive
and pressure, the gas particles themselves occupy about 0.1% of the total volume. The
other 99.9% of the total volume is empty space (whereas in liquids and solids, about
70% of the volume is occupied by particles). Because of the large distances between gas
particles, the attractions or repulsions among them are weak.
The particles in a gas are in rapid and continuous motion. For example, the average
, at 20 °C is about 500 m/s. As the temperature
velocity of nitrogen molecules, N
2
of a gas increases, the particles’ velocity increases. The average velocity of nitrogen
molecules at 100 °C is about 575 m/s.
The particles in a gas are constantly colliding with the walls of the container and
with each other. Because of these collisions, the gas particles are constantly changing
their direction of motion and their velocity. In a typical situation, a gas particle moves
a very short distance between collisions. For example, oxygen, O
, molecules at normal
O
3
bjeCtive
2
-7
temperatures and pressures move an average of 10
m between collisions.
Figure 13.1
Particles of a Gas
e particles move
Particles occupy a
rapidly and collide
small part of the
constantly.
total volume.
Little mutual attraction
or repulsion between
particles
Collisions cause changes
in direction and velocity.
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