Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 4
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Chapter 13
Gases
Discovering the Relationships Between Properties
If we want to explain why a weather balloon carrying instruments into the upper
atmosphere expands as it rises, we need to consider changes in the properties of the
gases (pressure, volume, temperature, or number of gas particles) inside and outside
the balloon. For example, as the balloon rises, the pressure outside of it, called the
atmospheric pressure, decreases. But, there are also variations in temperature, and the
balloon might have small leaks that change the number of gas particles it contains.
In a real situation, pressure, temperature, and number of gas particles may all be
changing, and predicting the effect of such a blend of changing properties on gas
volume is tricky. Therefore, before we tackle predictions for real world situations, such
as the weather balloon, we will consider simpler systems in which two of the four gas
properties are held constant, a third property is varied, and the effect of this variation on
the fourth property is observed. For example, it is easier to understand the relationship
between volume and pressure if the number of gas particles and temperature are held
constant. The volume can be varied, and the effect this has on the pressure can be
measured. An understanding of the relationships between gas properties in controlled
situations will help us to explain and predict the effects of changing gas properties in
more complicated, real situations.
Figure 13.2 shows a laboratory apparatus that can be used to demonstrate all the
relationships we are going to be discussing. It consists of a cylinder with a movable
piston, a thermometer, a pressure gauge, and a valve through which gas may be added
to the cylinder’s chamber or removed from it.
Figure 13.2
Apparatus Used to Demonstrate Relationships
Between the Properties of Gases
Movable piston
Valve to add
and remove gas
ermometer
Pressure gauge
The Relationship Between Volume and Pressure
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10
Figure 13.3 shows how our demonstration apparatus would be used to determine
bjeCtive
a
the relationship between gas volume and pressure. While holding the number of gas
particles constant (by closing the valve) and holding the temperature constant (by
allowing heat to transfer in or out so that the apparatus remains the same temperature
as the surrounding environment), we move the piston to change the volume, and then
we observe the change in pressure. When we decrease the gas volume, the pressure
gauge on our system shows us that the gas pressure increases. When we increase the gas
volume, the gauge shows that the pressure goes down.
Decreased volume → Increased pressure
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10
bjeCtive
a
Increased volume → Decreased pressure
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