Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 43
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Chapter Problems
3
82.
Consider a weather balloon with a volume on the ground of 113 m
at 101 kPa
O
18
bjeCtive
and 14 °C.
a. If the balloon rises to a height where the temperature is –50 °C and the
pressure is 2.35 kPa, what will its volume be? (In 1958, a balloon reached
101,500 ft or 30.85 km, the height at which the temperature is about –50
°C.)
b. When the balloon rises to 10 km, where the temperature is –40 °C, its
3
volume increases to 129 m
. If the pressures inside and outside the balloon
are equal, what is the atmospheric pressure at this height?
3
c. If the balloon has a volume of 206 m
at 25 km, where the pressure is
45 kPa, what is the temperature at this height?
83. Ethylene oxide, which is used as a rocket propellant, is formed from the reaction
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18
bjeCtive
of ethylene gas with oxygen gas.
3
a. After 273 m
of ethylene oxide are formed at 748 kPa and 525 K, the gas is
cooled at constant volume to 293 K. What will the new pressure be?
3
b. After 273 m
of ethylene oxide at 748 kPa and 525 K is cooled to 293 K, it
3
3
is allowed to expand to 1.10 × 10
m
. What is the new pressure?
c. What volume of ethylene gas at 293 K and 102 kPa must be compressed to
3
yield 295 m
of ethylene gas at 808 kPa and 585 K?
84. The hydrogen gas used to make ammonia can be made from small hydrocarbons
O
18
bjeCtive
such as methane in the so-called steam-reforming process, run at high
temperature and pressure.
a. If 3.2 atm of methane at 21 °C are introduced into a container, to what
temperature must the gas be heated to increase the pressure to 12 atm?
b. If 4.0 × 10
3
L of methane gas at 21 °C is heated and allowed to expand
3
at a constant pressure, what will the volume become in m
when the
temperature reaches 815 °C?
c. What volume of methane gas at 21 °C and 1.1 atm must be compressed to
4
yield 1.5 × 10
L of methane gas at 12 atm and 815 °C?
Section 13.3 Equation Stoichiometry and Ideal Gases
85.
Chlorine gas is used in the production of many other chemicals, including
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19
bjeCtive
carbon tetrachloride, polyvinyl chloride plastic, and hydrochloric acid. It is
produced from the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. What minimum mass
of sodium chloride in megagrams is necessary to make 2.7 × 10
5
L of chlorine gas
at standard temperature and pressure, STP?
Electrolysis
2NaCl(l )
2Na(l ) + Cl
( g )
2
O
19
86. Sulfur is used in the production of vulcanized rubber, detergents, dyes,
bjeCtive
pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and many other substances. The final step in the
Claus method for making sulfur is
(g) + 2H
S(g) → 3S(s) + 2H
SO
O(l )
2
2
2
a. What minimum volume of sulfur dioxide at STP would be necessary to
produce 82.5 kg of sulfur?
b. What maximum mass of sulfur in kilograms could be produced by the
reaction of 1.3 × 10
4
3
(g) with 2.5 × 10
4
3
m
of SO
m
of H
S(g), both at
2
2
STP?
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