Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 41
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Chapter Problems
64. Sulfur dioxide, SO
, forms in the combustion of the sulfur found in fossil fuels
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16
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such as coal. In the air, SO
forms SO
, which dissolves in water to form sulfuric
2
3
acid. Thus SO
is a major contributor to acid rain as well as a strong eye and lung
2
irritant. The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1967 call for a reduction
in sulfur dioxide released from power plants to 10 million tons per year. This is
about one-half the emission measured in 1990. The US atmospheric standard for
3
SO
is 0.35 mg/m
, which would yield a pressure due to sulfur dioxide of 0.013
2
Pa at 17 °C. To what volume in m
3
must 1.0 × 10
7
tons of SO
expand in order
2
to yield a pressure of 0.013 Pa at 17 °C? (There are 2000 lb per ton.)
65.
The bulbs used for fluorescent lights have a mercury gas pressure of 1.07 Pa at
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40 °C. How many milligrams of liquid mercury must evaporate at 40 °C to yield
this pressure in a 1.39-L fluorescent bulb?
66. Low-pressure sodium lamps have a sodium vapor pressure of 0.7 Pa at 260 °C.
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How many micrograms of Na must evaporate at 260 °C to yield a pressure of
0.7 Pa in a 27-mL bulb?
67.
Flashtubes are light bulbs that produce a high-intensity, very short duration flash
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of light. They are used in photography and for airport approach lighting. The
xenon gas, Xe, in flashtubes has large atoms that can quickly carry the heat away
from the filament to stop the radiation of light. At what temperature does
1.80 g Xe in a 0.625-L flashtube have a pressure of 75.0 kPa?
68. As part of the production of vinyl chloride—which is used to make polyvinyl
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chloride (PVC) plastic—1,2-dichloroethane, ClCH
CH
Cl, is decomposed to
2
2
form vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride. If 515 kg of 1,2-dichloroethane gas
3
are released into a 96 m
container, at what temperature will the pressure become
3.4 atm?
69.
When 0.690 g of an unknown gas are held in an otherwise-empty 285-mL
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container, the pressure is 756.8 mmHg at 19 °C. What is the molecular mass of
the gas?
70. A 1.02 g sample of an unknown gas in a 537-mL container generates a pressure
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of 101.7 kPa at 298 K. What is the molecular mass of the gas?
71.
Consider two helium tanks used to fill children’s balloons. The tanks have equal
volume and are at the same temperature, but tank A is new and therefore has a
higher pressure of helium than tank B, which has been used to fill many balloons.
Which tank holds gas with a greater density, tank A or tank B? Support your
answer.
72. Two hot-air balloons have just been launched. They have equal volume and
pressure, but balloon A has a more efficient heating system, so the gas in balloon
A is at a higher temperature than the gas in balloon B. Which balloon holds
gas with a greater density, balloon A or balloon B? Support your answer. Which
balloon do you think will rise faster?
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