Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 7
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13.1 Gases and Their Properties
The Relationship Between Volume and Temperature
Consider the system shown in Figure 13.5. To demonstrate the relationship between
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10
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C
temperature and volume of gas, we keep the number of gas particles and gas pressure
constant. If our valve is closed and if our system has no leaks, the number of particles
is constant. We keep the gas pressure constant by allowing the piston to move freely
throughout our experiment, because then it will adjust to keep the pressure pushing
on it from the inside equal to the constant external pressure pushing on it due to the
weight of the piston and the atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure is the
pressure in the air outside the container, which acts on the top of the piston due to the
force of collisions between particles in the air and the top of the piston.
If we increase the temperature, the piston in our apparatus moves up, increasing the
volume occupied by the gas. A decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in volume.
Increased temperature → Increased volume
Decreased temperature → Decreased volume
The increase in temperature of the gas leads to an increase in the average velocity of
the gas particles, which leads in turn to more collisions with the walls of the container
Placing a balloon in
and a greater force per collision. This greater force acting on the walls of the container
liquid nitrogen lowers
leads to an initial increase in the gas pressure. Thus the increased temperature of our
the temperature of
gas creates an internal pressure, acting on the bottom of the piston, that is greater
the gas and causes
than the external pressure. The greater internal pressure causes the piston to move up,
an initial decrease in
pressure. With its internal
increasing the volume of the chamber. The increased volume leads to a decrease in gas
pressure now lower
pressure in the container, until the internal pressure is once again equal to the constant
than the pressure of the
external pressure (Figure 13.5). Similar reasoning can be used to explain why decreased
air outside, the balloon
temperature leads to decreased volume when the number of gas particles and pressure
shrinks to a much smaller
are held constant.
volume.
For an ideal gas, volume and temperature described in kelvins are directly proportional
The University of Michigan
if the number of gas particles and pressure are constant. This is called Charles’ Law.
Department of Physics Lecture
Demonstration Lab
V ∝ T if n and P are constant
Figure 13.5
Constant number
Relationship Between Temperature and
Piston free to move
of gas particles
Volume Increased temperature leads to
increased volume if the number of gas
Increased
particles and pressure are constant.
volume
Heat added
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10
bjeCtive
C
Increased
temperature
You can see an animation that
demonstrates this relationship at
Constant
pressure
the textbook’s Web site.
Increased temperature
Increased average velocity of the gas particles
Increased number of collisions with the walls
Increased force per collision
Initial increase in force per area‒that is, in pressure
Inside pressure is greater than external pressure
Increased volume
Container expands
Decreased pressure until inside pressure equals external pressure
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