Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 24
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Chapter 13
Gases
The textbook’s Web site has a section that describes a shortcut for working
equation stoichiometry problems in which volume of one gas is converted
into volume of another gas at the same temperature and pressure.
Between this chapter and Chapter 10, we have now seen three different ways to
convert between a measurable property and moles in equation stoichiometry problems.
The different paths are summarized in Figure 13.10 in the sample study sheet on the
next two pages. For pure liquids and solids, we can convert between mass and moles,
using the molar mass as a conversion factor. For gases, we can convert between volume
of gas and moles using the methods described above. For solutions, molarity provides
a conversion factor that enables us to convert between moles of solute and volume of
solution. Equation stoichiometry problems can contain any combination of two of
these conversions, such as we see in Example 13.8.
e
13.8 - Equation Stoichiometry
xample
The gastric glands of the stomach secrete enough hydrochloric acid to give the
O
19
bjeCtive
stomach juices a hydrochloric acid concentration of over 0.01 M. Some of this
stomach acid can be neutralized by an antacid that contains calcium carbonate. The
CaCO
reacts with HCl in the stomach to form aqueous calcium chloride, carbon
3
dioxide gas, and water. A regular antacid tablet will react with about 80 mL of 0.050
gas at 37 °C and 1.02 atm will form from the
M HCl. How many milliliters of CO
2
complete reaction of 80 mL of 0.050 M HCl?
(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl
(aq) + CO
(g) + H
CaCO
O(l )
3
2
2
2
Solution
The general steps for this conversion are
Volume of HCl solution → moles HCl → moles CO
→ volume of CO
gas
2
2
3
0.082058 L atm
0.050 mol HCl
1 mol CO
310 K
10
mL
2
? mL CO
= 80 mL HCl soln
2
3
10
mL HCl soln
2 mol HCl
1.02 atm
1 L
K mol
= 50 mL CO
2
The following sample study sheet summarizes the methods we have learned for
solving equation stoichiometry problems.
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