Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 22
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Chapter 13
Gases
the volume of a mole of gas will also change, so 22.414 L/mole cannot be used as a
conversion factor for conditions other than STP. One way to convert between volume
of gas and moles of gas at temperatures and pressures other than 0 °C and 1 atm is to
use the ideal gas equation. We convert from volume to moles by solving the ideal gas
equation for n and plugging in the given values for V, T, and P :
PV
PV = nRT
leads to
n =
RT
We convert from moles to volume by solving the ideal gas equation for V and plugging
in the given values for n, T, and P :
nRT
PV = nRT
leads to
V =
P
This technique is demonstrated in Example 13.6.
e
13.6 - Gas Stoichiometry for Conditions Other Than STP
xample
Ammonia is produced when nitrogen and hydrogen gases react at high pressures and
O
19
bjeCtive
temperatures:
(g) + 3H
N
(g)
2NH
(g)
2
2
3
At intervals, the system is cooled to between -10 °C and -20 °C, causing some of
the ammonia to liquefy so that it can be separated from the remaining nitrogen and
hydrogen gases. The gases are then recycled to make more ammonia. An average
ammonia plant might make 1000 metric tons of ammonia per day. When
4.0 × 10
7
L of hydrogen gas at 503 °C and 155 atm reacts with an excess of nitrogen,
what is the maximum volume of gaseous ammonia that can be formed at 20.6 °C
and 1.007 atm?
Solution
This equation stoichiometry problem can be solved in three steps:
(g) → moles H
→ moles NH
→ volume of NH
Volume of H
(g)
2
2
3
3
The first step can be accomplished using the ideal gas equation to convert from volume
of H
to moles of H
under the initial conditions.
2
2
PV = nRT
7
155 atm (4.0 × 10
L)
PV
7
= 9.7 × 10
n
=
=
mol H
2
H
2
RT
0.082058 L atm
(776 K)
K mol
The second step is the typical equation stoichiometry mole-to-mole conversion, using
the coefficients from the balanced equation:
2 mol NH
3
= 6.5 × 10
7
7
= 9.7 × 10
mol NH
? mol NH
mol H
3
3
2
3 mol H
2
In the third step, we use the ideal gas equation to convert from moles of NH
to
3
volume of NH
(g) under the final conditions:
3
0.082058 L atm
7
6.5 × 10
293.8 K
mol
nRT
K mol
= 1.6 × 10
9
V
=
=
L NH
3
NH
3
1.007 atm
P
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