Gases Chemistry Worksheet - Chapter 13, An Introduction To Chemistry Page 13
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13.2 Ideal Gas Calculations
Substituting R for “a constant” and rearranging the equation yields the ideal gas
equation (often called the ideal gas law) in the form that is most commonly memorized
and written:
PV = nRT
O
15
bjeCtive
Because we will often be interested in the masses of gas samples, it is useful to remember
an expanded form of the ideal gas equation that uses mass in grams (g) divided by
molar mass (M ) instead of moles (n).
grams
mass in grams
g
n = moles =
=
=
grams
molar mass
M
mole
g
O
16
PV =
RT
bjeCtive
M
The following sample study sheet describes how calculations can be done using the
two forms of the ideal gas equation.
Sample Study
T
-
The usual tip-off that you can use the ideal gas equation to answer a question
ip
off
is that you are given three properties of a sample of gas and asked to calculate the
Sheet 13.1
fourth. A more general tip-off is that only one gas is mentioned and there are no
Using the Ideal
changing properties.
Gas Equation
Follow these steps.
G
S
eneral
TepS
Step 1 Assign variables to the values given and the value that is unknown. Use P for
O
15
bjeCtive
pressure, V for volume, n for moles, T for temperature, g for mass, and M for
O
16
bjeCtive
molar mass.
Step 2 Write the appropriate form of the ideal gas equation.
If the number of particles in moles is given or desired, use the most
common form of the ideal gas equation.
R = 0.082058 L atm
8.3145 L kPa
PV = nRT
or
K mol
K mol
If mass or molar mass is given or desired, use the expanded form of the ideal
gas equation.
g
PV =
RT
g = mass
M = molar mass
M
Step 3 Rearrange the equation to isolate the unknown.
Step 4 Plug in the known values, including units. Be sure to use Kelvin
temperatures.
Step 5 Make any necessary unit conversions and cancel your units.
Step 6 Calculate your answer and report it to the correct significant figures and with
the correct unit.
See Examples 13.1 and 13.2.
e
xample
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