Chem 161 Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry Worksheet - Shape Determines Function Page 18
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40Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
– The shape predicted by VSEPR does not match the bond angles given by pure s and pure p
orbitals
atomic orbitals involved in bonding must be a combination of s and p orbitals
→
– To hybridize, mix s and p orbitals to get the same number of new hybridized orbitals
(e.g. mix one s and one p
two sp orbitals)
→
hybridization: mixing of atomic orbitals in an atom (usually central atom) to generate a
new set of atomic orbitals, called hybrid orbitals
sp Hybridization: mixing one s orbital and one p orbital
two sp orbitals
→
hybridize a 2s and a 2p orbital to get 2 equivalent sp hybrid orbitals:
→
______ ______ ______
______ ______
E
2p
______ ______
2p
______
sp
sp
2s
atomic orbital diagram before hybridizing
atomic orbital diagram after hybridizing
The two sp orbitals in Be are oriented along a line to maximize the
distance between electrons.
linear shape (180˚ bond angle) corresponding to
→
a form a linear molecule when the H atoms are bonded to the
Be atom.
Example: Sketch the BeH
molecule below by showing the Be
2
atom with sp orbitals, the H atoms with s orbitals, & bonds as
overlapping areas.
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